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Variable
|
WHO BMI category
|
WC (cm)
|
WHR
|
WHtR
|
|---|
|
Underweight (N = 4)
|
Normal (N = 103)
|
Overweight (N = 54)
|
Obese (N = 20)
|
< 90 (N = 95)
|
≥ 90 (N = 86)
|
P value
|
< 0.9 (N = 76)
|
≥0.9 (N = 105)
|
P value
|
< 0.5 (N = 70)
|
≥0.5 (N = 111)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Semen volume (mL)
|
2.53 ± 0.33a
|
2.35 ± 0.56
|
2.42 ± 0.69
|
2.16 ± 0.66
|
2.40 ± 0.52
|
2.30 ± 0.70
|
0.290
|
2.34 ± 0.55
|
2.37 ± 0.65
|
0.797
|
2.40 ± 0.53
|
2.33 ± 0.66
|
0.797
|
|
Ratio of PR sperm (%)
|
21.15 ± 6.55a
|
39.44 ± 18.50
|
33.47 ± 18.33* a
|
37.30 ± 22.60 a
|
39.09 ± 18.18
|
34.73 ± 19.64
|
0.124
|
40.22 ± 18.01
|
34.70 ± 19.29
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0.050a
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39.05 ± 18.41
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35.74 ± 19.28
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0.226a
|
|
Ratio of PR + NP sperm (%)
|
41.15 ± 8.97*a
|
59.37 ± 19.46
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51.68 ± 20.39* a
|
59.52 ± 21.72 a
|
59.23 ± 19.19
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53.88 ± 20.91
|
0.063 a
|
59.73 ± 18.24
|
54.49 ± 21.14
|
0.092a
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59.25 ± 18.73
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55.08 ± 20.92
|
0.159 a
|
|
Sperm concentration (106/ml)
|
67.13 ± 38.59a
|
50.91 ± 27.31
|
39.81 ± 23.97**
|
49.73 ± 35.41
|
52.22 ± 27.72
|
42.97 ± 27.61
|
0.026
|
51.49 ± 23.79
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45.17 ± 30.34
|
0.119
|
52.07 ± 27.52
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45.15 ± 28.05
|
0.104
|
|
Ratio of morphologically normal sperm (%)
|
4.05 ± 1.34a
|
3.86 ± 2.01
|
2.944 ± 1.44***
|
3.32 ± 2.14 a
|
3.38 ± 1.64
|
3.71 ± 2.14
|
0.248
|
3.43 ± 1.73
|
3.61 ± 2.00
|
0.510
|
3.24 ± 1.68
|
3.72 ± 2.01
|
0.087
|
|
FSH
|
3.98 ± 1.53a
|
4.33 ± 2.11
|
4.86 ± 2.40
|
4.76 ± 2.00 a
|
4.47 ± 2.38
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4.59 ± 1.95
|
0.730
|
4.40 ± 2.32
|
4.62 ± 2.07
|
0.508
|
4.34 ± 2.43
|
4.65 ± 2.01
|
0.376
|
|
LH
|
3.13 ± 1.22 a
|
3.46 ± 1.74
|
3.28 ± 1.53
|
3.30 ± 1.05 a
|
3.39 ± 1.61
|
3.37 ± 1.60
|
0.960
|
3.40 ± 1.63
|
3.36 ± 1.57
|
0.872
|
3.26 ± 1.46
|
3.45 ± 1.68
|
0.415
|
|
P
|
0.69 ± 0.18 a
|
0.68 ± 0.34
|
0.57 ± 0.26* a
|
0.63 ± 0.26 a
|
0.65 ± 0.30
|
0.63 ± 0.33
|
0.445a
|
0.65 ± 0.28
|
0.64 ± 0.33
|
0.816
|
0.64 ± 0.30
|
0.64 ± 0.32
|
0.978
|
|
E2
|
33.75 ± 10.69 a
|
34.52 ± 12.91
|
38.22 ± 13.90 a
|
46.5 ± 13.03**** a
|
36.56 ± 13.53
|
37.34 ± 13.78
|
0.853a
|
37.46 ± 13.48
|
36.55 ± 13.70
|
0.657
|
38.34 ± 13.68
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36.04 ± 13.57
|
0.271
|
|
PRL
|
10.52 ± 3.66 a
|
9.63 ± 4.80
|
8.85 ± 3.52 a
|
8.72 ± 2.30 a
|
9.15 ± 3.76
|
9.49 ± 4.66
|
0.593
|
8.97 ± 3.37
|
9.56 ± 4.70
|
0.329
|
8.92 ± 3.48
|
9.56 ± 4.61
|
0.293
|
|
TT
|
5.32 ± 2.47 a
|
3.84 ± 1.01
|
3.442 ± 0.93* a
|
2.98 ± 0.98**** a
|
3.64 ± 1.00
|
3.68 ± 1.19
|
0.794
|
3.68 ± 1.18
|
3.65 ± 1.02
|
0.945a
|
3.63 ± 1.01
|
3.68 ± 1.15
|
0.749
|
|
E2/TT
|
7.21 ± 3.55 a
|
9.71 ± 4.72
|
12.26 ± 7.04*
|
16.64 ± 5.94**** a
|
11.04 ± 6.14
|
11.34 ± 5.94
|
0.742
|
11.41 ± 6.60
|
11.01 ± 5.59
|
0.666
|
11.70 ± 6.62
|
10.85 ± 5.64
|
0.378
|
|
Serum Leptin (μg/L)
|
11.55 ± 1.14 a
|
12.62 ± 2.10
|
14.89 ± 1.94**** a
|
14.35 ± 2.27*** a
|
13.45 ± 3.39
|
13.47 ± 2.24
|
0.889a
|
13.24 ± 2.41
|
13.62 ± 2.23
|
0.326a
|
13.48 ± 2.44
|
13.45 ± 2.24
|
0.837a
|
|
Seminal Leptin (μg/L)
|
12.85 ± 1.60 a
|
13.04 ± 2.18
|
15.71 ± 2.07**** a
|
14.44 ± 2.66* a
|
13.87 ± 2.57
|
14.12 ± 2.41
|
0.487
|
13.81 ± 2.56
|
14.12 ± 2.44
|
0.423
|
13.99 ± 2.65
|
13.99 ± 2.40
|
0.964a
|
|
Seminal SOD (pg/ml)
|
214.77 ± 51.38 a
|
207.0 ± 36.91
|
214.9 ± 41.06
|
218.7 ± 38.27 a
|
209.31 ± 38.72
|
212.55 ± 38.55
|
0.573
|
211.49 ± 38.27
|
210.40 ± 38.77
|
0.848
|
211.36 ± 36.86
|
210.53 ± 39.77
|
0.903
|
|
TC (mmol/L)
|
4.28 ± 0.59 a
|
4.53 ± 0.83
|
5.33 ± 1.17**** a
|
5.76 ± 1.18**** a
|
4.86 ± 0.97
|
4.94 ± 1.20
|
0.615
|
4.82 ± 0.98
|
4.96 ± 1.15
|
0.408
|
4.84 ± 1.01
|
4.94 ± 1.13
|
0.574
|
|
LDL-C (mmol/L)
|
2.44 ± 0.70
|
2.55 ± 0.66
|
3.042 ± 0.98*** a
|
3.90 ± 1.25****
|
2.85 ± 0.93
|
2.84 ± 0.96
|
0.951
|
2.79 ± 0.91
|
2.88 ± 0.96
|
0.502
|
2.82 ± 0.91
|
2.86 ± 0.96
|
0.824
|
|
HDL-C (mmol/L)
|
1.43 ± 0.09* a
|
1.15 ± 0.23
|
1.13 ± 0.27*** a
|
0.88 ± 0.37 a
|
1.13 ± 0.32
|
1.11 ± 0.22
|
0.389a
|
1.13 ± 0.33
|
1.11 ± 0.23
|
0.761a
|
1.14 ± 0.31
|
1.11 ± 0.25
|
0.318a
|
|
TG (mmol/L)
|
0.89 ± 0.32** a
|
1.96 ± 1.38
|
2.91 ± 1.44****
|
3.00 ± 1.36**** a
|
2.30 ± 1.65
|
2.38 ± 1.25
|
0.708
|
2.28 ± 1.72
|
2.38 ± 1.27
|
0.679
|
2.15 ± 1.16
|
2.45 ± 1.63
|
0.147
|
- * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.0001; a Wilcoxon rank-sum test
